11 Domestic Animals that Originated in Asia

The Hall Of Washington Elementary Essay - 1042 Words

One August morning many few years ago, I was walking the halls of Washington elementary excited to be in fourth grade. Because that meant I could do the fun run fundraiser, where you run for thirty minutes around a track. The only main thing that stood in my way was the upper class the fifth grade. Although the record was twenty-six laps around the track, that didn t scare me to go after that record. It’s basically the one thing I have waited for since I was in first grade. It’s what made school fun for me. I wasn’t really smart at school because I never try. The only thing I love to do was to play sports all through elementary as well middle school. I grew up in a house with strong morals to do my best in school. But that didn t matter to me. Running for me was to escape the world that meant to me that nothing matter. No one can say anything to you or yell at you. when you re failing classes or why haven t you done your homework. That s how I fell in love with r unning. The day finally came when it was May the fun run fundraiser. It was hot mix with windy, I could still picture it in my head. I didn t want to run at all, but I couldn’t back out. We were raising money for new computers, and we sure needed it. There was only twenty-five of us running that day. I sure didn t know if I was going to make it to the end. The gun goes off, and dust storms up as we started running. Many of the fourth graders start dropping like flies after the second lap as we go.Show MoreRelatedFrancis Sumner s Father Of Black Psychology Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesthat he was colored† (â€Å"Francis Cecil Sumner†). As a child Sumner attended elementary school and three different States Plainfield, New Jersey; Washington, D.C.; and Norfolk, Virginia. Sumner’s father was unappeased with the caliber of prep school offered to African youth in the restricted schools available to coloreds (Francis Sumner, Max Meenes). 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Children in Foster Care Free-Samples for Students -Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Children in Foster Care need care to be saved from crime. Answer: Research Title Children in Foster Care need care to be saved from crime Research Question Are children in Foster Care prone to crime? Research Aims To establish that the children in foster care are abused, which necessitates measures of care to be taken to save them from such abuse. To examine the likelihood of the foster care children adopting a life of crime and wrongdoings. To identify the social needs, through which the children in foster care can be helped out, if the first two aims are established. Background and Significance The purpose of putting the children in foster care often stems from the need of protecting the children, particularly those, who have been treated wrongly by their birth families. Though, at times, the children who are under the foster care receive more harm than good (Johnson, 2005). This maltreatment of the kids in foster care has been studied in the past (Sanchez-Gomez, 2012). A focus was put on the response of the child welfare system to the reports of maltreatment by Carbino (1992; 1991), where she emphasized upon the requirement for the specific responses to the foster families as compared to the general population. The study conducted by McFadden and Ryan (1991) had a discussion over the incidence and nature of the children maltreatment in this system, which factored in the family and this welfare system for children actually contributed towards the maltreatment. An acknowledgement to the presence of abuse in foster care was given by Daly and Dowd (1992) and they even offered methods for producing an environment which was harm free for the children in foster care. Hobbs, Hobbs, and Wynne (1999) conducted a research in Leeds, England for a period of six years during 1990-1995 with regards to the medical reports which depicted alleged sexual and/or physical abuse. They discovered that that the foster children were seven to eight times more likely to be assessed to be abused in comparison to a child belonging to general population. Similar study was conducted by Poertner, Bussey, and Fluke (1999) in Illinois and they produced the findings that the percentage of abuse and neglect for the children in foster care ranged from 1.7% to 2.3% over a period of five years from July 1992 to June 1997. In their study, Spencer and Knudsen (1992) found that through 1984 to 1990, the child perpetrators were indulged in six percent of the foster home cases. It was found that physical abuse was the most likely form of maltreatment in the foster care homes and the rate of physical abuse was 9.31 for each 1000 children. And this rate for sexual abuse was 5.23 (Titt le, Poertner and Garnier, 2017). Children who grow up in such environment become prone to a range of risks, which increase their vulnerability towards both behavioral and the development problems (Cicchetti, 2016). The children have to face neglect, abuse, disrupted and dysfunctional family situations, and chronic poverty. Such problems predispose them to delinquency and juvenile conduct issues, which if not remedied, could persist in their adulthood and thus obstruct them in being productive humans (Loeber and Stouthamer-Loeber, 1986; Widom, 1989; Cunha, Heckman and Schennach, 2010). Nisenbaum (2013) believed that such children pose a major challenge for the providers of children welfare. And due to these challenges it is crucial that policy responses are developed and continued to deal with the complex treatment requirement of such kids who have been placed under the foster care, and also the need to evaluate the services which already exist. The use of foster care has increased manifolds in the recent years in the Western nations. For instance, in US, from 1985 to 1999, the foster care cases were increased by more than double, from being at 276,000 to being at 568,000 (Swann and Sylvester, 2006). It was estimated that for 2006, 3.6 million of the children in US, were in contact with Child Protective Services and a high range of them were placed in foster care (Berger et al., 2009). From 1980 to 2012, in Sweden, the number of cases in foster care increased from 14,000 to 29,600. However, the literature with regards to the empirical policies has not kept pace with regards to the tendency of such children falling in criminal line (Lindquist and Santavirta, 2014). A noteworthy study which linked the criminality with the abuses which the children face in foster care was carried by Lindquist and Santavirta (2014), where they held that there was a higher adult criminality for the males who were placed in the foster care between the ages of 13 to 18. Though, this association was absent for the boys who were placed in the foster care before they reached 13 and this link was entirely absent for the girls, irrespective of their age. In the study conducted by McHugh (2013), it was revealed that in Australia, the placement of Aboriginal children proved to be a difficult task. Methodology and Methods This section denotes the approach which would be taken to undertake the study, so as to attain the aims established. The design of this research would be exploratory qualitative study, where the question of this research would be explored upon and a conclusive result would be reached at. And due to the same being an exploratory research, the aims are open to not being attained or the direction of the research being changed, due to new insights and new data revelation. Further the approach of this research is inductive approach, where the research question has been formed at the very beginning of the research and the same is concentrated about finding if the children who are in foster care are prone to crime on them and consequently, indulge in the line of crime. The research philosophy of would be based on phenomenology, as this study necessitates that the subjective human interests are taken into account and that instead of hard data, the human interests are relied upon. The research method for this study would involve two separate methods. So, the data would be collected on the basis of both primary and secondary data. In other words, the first method would be the data collection and data analysis, so the data would be collected through questionnaires, interviews and the like. And the second method would be an analysis of the material which has already been published, for instance, newspapers, journals, online portals, books and magazines. For the purpose of this study, interviews would be undertaken with the children in foster care, the foster care providers, the volunteers, and the authorities. This would help in gaining a qualitative insight to the problem which is being raised through this side. This would be in addition to a questionnaire, which would have to be filled by same group of people out of which some were selected for the interview. Based on the data collected from here, a decision would be reached which could be in conformity with the aims or may prove them wrong. The interview which would be scheduled would cover a range of topics and would take place at common grounds, like school, hospital or the like. The interview would be initiated by asking about how the children reached into their care and would then move towards a range of open ended questions. This would help in attaining such details which are present practically. And in order to ensure that details are given properly, throughout the interview, the person being interviewed would be comforted and assured that the data would be safe and that their names or other details would not be revealed. Prompts would also be used in the interview so as to gain responses. Some of the areas which would be included in both the interview and the questionnaire include the relationship in the family and the arrangement for access or contact; the financial support; services and support with regards to the health and education of the children; and issues with regards to the Aboriginal foster carers. Before the interview is conducted, the children specially would be counseled by an expert counselor, who can detect cases of abuses and provide the necessary comfort to the children, so that they can open up about the if they have been abused and the manner in which it took place, along with it frequency. They would not only be asked about their abuses, but the abuses which are common in their friend circle and in their neighborhood. This would enable the collection of data in such a manner where even if a particular child is unable to tell their own issues, they can use the name of a person in neighborhood and portray their issues; or might actually raise a genuine problem in the neighborhood or in their friend circle. The questionnaire for the children would be confidential so that their anonymity is maintained. The data collection through exploratory qualitative study would not be the only aspect undertaken under this study. A literature review would also be conducted in this regard where the preexisting literature will be evaluated. The literature of different time periods would be analyzed to examine the changes in the patters of this problem. Further, the literature would not be restricted to Australia, but would cover the same across the globe, so as to gain an understanding to this being a far reaching problem. However, a specific emphasis would be made at the foster care system of Australia, so as to conduct a research which is related to the nation and can help in identifying the position of the nation in this regard, in comparison to the nations across the globe. The source for literature review would be a mix of journal articles, newspapers, magazines, books and even the online articles placed by leading academicians. Sample For the interviews, ten of each would be interviewed, i.e., children in foster care, the foster care providers, and the volunteers; however, for the authorities, the number would be twenty. The volunteers would be personally interviewed by the research conductor, i.e., by me. The foster care providers would be interview by the research conductor and a volunteer, who has not been included in this study. The children in foster care would be interviewed by the research conductor and a counselor so as to enable a free flow of information. The authorities would solely be interviewed by the research conductor would contain a mix of health care professionals, police officers, and the foster care authorities of the particular region. So, the interview would be conducted for a total of 50 people. The questionnaire would be drawn in both online and offline form, to enable ease of access. The questionnaire would be simple, so that it can be easily filled and the foster care children would be provided with help for filling out the questionnaire, away from their foster parents. The sample size for the questionnaire would be the same as interview. Though, for this purpose, the people who were interviewed would not be repeated. A range of data would be analyzed for the literature review, and there would be no restrictions with regards to the dates of the data collected. This is to enable the analyzing of the literatures, which would help in giving a historical background to this problem, along with its present day standing. Moreover, the data would not be limited to Australia, but to the nations across the globe, especially the developed nations. Ethics The most important part of any research is the ethical considerations associated with it. The ten principles of ethical considerations which have been given by Bryman and Bell (2007) would be adopted for the purpose of research. Accordingly, it would be ensured that the participants of this research are not subjected to any harm in any manner. The dignity of the participants of this research would be respected and this would be the top priority. The full consent of the participants of this research would be obtained. The data which is collected from the participants of this research would be protected and the privacy of the same would be maintained. Along with this, it would be ensured that an adequate level of confidentiality has been maintained. It would also be ensured that the participants of this research are allowed to maintain their anonymity, whether they are the authorities or the foster care children. It would also be kept in mind that no exaggeration or deception of the da ta, objectives or aims of this research has been undertaken. All the communications which are undertaken for the purpose of this research would be done in a transparent and honest manner. And any such information which is misleading or gives a false representation of the data collected would be avoided, along with any prejudice or biasness to the data or towards the participants of this research. It would be ensured that there is a voluntary participation of the participants of this research. Further, any unacceptable, derogatory, discriminatory, or offensive language would be avoided at all costs during the interviews and even in the questionnaire. Most importantly, it would be ensured that the highest level of objectively is maintained throughout this research and that the emotions are not allowed to cloud the conducting of this research. References Berger, L.M. et al. (2009) Estimating the impact of out-of-home placement on child well-being: approaching the problem of selection bias. Child Development, 80 (6), pp. 18561876. Bryman, A., and Bell, E. (2007) Business Research Methods. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Carbino, R. (1991) Advocacy for foster families in the United States facing child abuse allegations: How social agencies and foster parents are responding to the problem. Child Welfare, 70 (2), pp. 131149. Carbino, R. (1992) Policy and practice for response to foster families when child abuse or neglect is reported. Child Welfare, 71 (6), pp. 497509. Cicchetti, D. (2016) Developmental Psychopathology, Developmental Neuroscience. 3rd ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Cunha, F., Heckman, J.J., Schennach, S.M. (2010) Estimating the technology of cognitive and noncognitive skill formation. Econometrica, 78 (3), pp. 883931. Daly, D. L., and Dowd, T. P. (1992) Characteristics of effective, harm-free environments for children in out-of-home care. Child Welfare, 71 (6), pp. 487496. Hobbs, G. F., Hobbs, C. J., and Wynne, J. M. (1999) Abuse in foster and residential care. Child Abuse Neglect, 23 (12), pp. 12391252. Johnson, H. (2005) Literature Review of Foster Care. [Online] Child Rights International Network. Available from: https://www.crin.org/en/docs/literature%20review%20of%20foster%20care.pdf [Accessed on: 15/06/17] Lindquist, M.J., and Santavirta, T. (2014) Does placing children in foster care increase their adult criminality? Labour Economics, 31, pp. 72-83. Loeber, R., and Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1986) Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency. In: Tonry, M., and Morris, N. (eds.) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research. Chicago: University Chicago Press. McFadden, E. J., and Ryan, P. (1991) Maltreatment in family foster homes: Dynamics and dimensions. Child Youth Services, 15 (2), pp. 209231. McHugh, M. (2013) An exploratory study of risks to stability in foster and kinship care in NSW: final report. [Online] University of New South Wales. Available from: https://www.sprc.unsw.edu.au/media/SPRCFile/1_Exploratory_study_of_risks_to_stability_in_foster_and_kinship_care_in_NSW_Final_Report.pdf [Accessed on: 15/06/17] Nisenbaum, J. (2013) Residential services for youth impacted by family violence and trauma: implications for child welfare policy and practices. Journal of Family Violence, 28, pp. 751752. Poertner, J., Bussey, M., and Fluke, J. (1999) How safe are out-of-home placements? Children and Youth Services Review, 21 (7), pp. 549563. Sanchez-Gomez, M. (2012) Child Abuse In Foster Care: Risk Factors. [Online] California Polythechnic State University. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1106context=socssp [Accessed on: 15/06/17] Spencer, J. W., and Knudsen, D. D. (1992) Out-of-home maltreatment: An analysis of risk in various settings for children. Children and Youth Services Review, 14, pp. 485492. Swann, C.A., and Sylvester, M.S. (2006) The foster care crisis: what caused caseloads to grow? Demography, 43, pp. 309335. Tittle, G., Poertner, J., and Garnier, P. (2017) Child Maltreatment in Foster Care: A Study of Retrospective Reporting. [Online] Child Rights International Network. Available from: https://cfrc.illinois.edu/pubs/rp_20010501_ChildMaltreatmentInFosterCareAStudyOfRetrospectiveReporting.pdf [Accessed on: 15/06/17] Widom, C. (1989) The cycle of violence. Science, 244, pp. 160166.

Operations Management Historical Development and Impacts

Introduction With the increasing competition in the manufacturing industry, many businesses have adopted the use of operations management which has been, over the years, a bridge towards a business’s success as well as the economic growth of a nation. It involves the absolute control of the use of resources and other raw materials and turning them into more valuable products. Businesses have, ever since, benefited from the use of the developments associated with the concept which has, consequently, seen great economic growth rates in many countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management: Historical Development and Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This concept began way back as manufacturing management after which it developed into operations management following the advancements of technological knowhow. The main idea of the concept, both traditional and advanced, is to promote the achievement of production goals within companies with as minimal struggle as possible. (Inman, 2011, p. 1) Historical development of Operations management The idea of operations management began in the eighteenth century as manufacturing management. An economist, Adam Smith, realized that specialization of labor could be very beneficial to any organizations economy. He therefore came up with the idea of breaking up jobs into sub units where only workers specialized in a certain field would take up the task not only to ensure efficient delivery of the task but also to further increase their skills (Kumar, and Suresh, 2009, p. 284). Early in the twentieth century, F. Taylor enforced this law which then resulted to the development of scientific management. Since then until in the early nineties, many developments were made based on the traditional of the operation. In 1776, Adam Smith developed the theory of specialization of labor in the manufacturing industry (Kumar, and Suresh, 2009 , p. 284). This was followed by development of cost accounting in 1799 by Eli Whitney among other scientists. Later in 1832, Charles Babbage developed division of labor and assigning of tasks depending on employees’ skills as well as the necessity of time management (Kumar, and Suresh, 2009, p. 284). From the scientific management of time, Frederick Taylor developed planning and work performance in the year 1900. Soon after, in 1900, Frank Gilbert came up with the motion of studying jobs (Wilson, 995, p. 87). This was followed by the development of techniques for scheduling of work for employees as well as the development of manufacturing jobs which required the use of machinery. These two developments were done by Henry Gantt in 1901. In 1915, F.W. Harris developed the use of inventory for economic controls. The human relations department was developed by Elton Mayo in 1927 (Kumar, and Suresh, 2009, p. 284). Following this development was the use of statistical information t o check and control the quality of various products by use of quality control charts.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This development was by W.A. Shewart in 1931. This contribution was further developed into sampling techniques to control quality of products and for inspection purposes in 1935 by H.F. Dodge and H.F. Roming. In 1946, a group of scientists among which was P.M. Blacker contributed in the application of operations research in the Second World War (Meredith, 2006, p. 189). A very significant contribution happened in 1946 when John Mauchlly and J.P. Eckert developed digital computers. Following the use of computers, G.B. Dantzig and William developed software for programming business operations in 1947. Linear mathematical programming was later developed in 1950 by two scientists, A. Charnes and W.W. Cooper. Since the initial digital computer was multipurpose, la rge scale computers were developed in 1951 by Sperry Univak to help in computation of data. Later in 1966, L. Cummings and L. Porter introduced organizational behavior whose aim was to continuously study people at workplace (Kumar, and Suresh, 2009, p. 284). In 1970, W. Skinner and J. Orlicky developed the incorporations of all operations in an organization into a unified strategy with common policies. In the same year, G Wright introduced the use of computers in the manufacturing industry alongside control and planning of required materials. In 1980, application of quality productivity was introduced by W.E. Deming from Japan (Kumar, and Suresh, 2009, p. 284). The term production management therefore was the term for since 1930s up to 2950s. Managers worldwide developed techniques for efficient manufacturing operations. From then, other scientists started studying sociology especially on human behavior in workplace while mathematical as well as computer scientists developed more ad vanced techniques for data analysis. With these new advancements, the name operations management came into be which put a lot of emphasis on expansion of the manufacturing sector. Emphasis was also put on production in the management practices rather than the usual analyzing duties (Johnston, 1998, p. 1). Impact of the development of operations management on business The development of these management operations has resulted to many positive impacts on businesses although some negative effects have been felt as well. Production in manufacturing industries has now been an organized activity where every sector of the factory has its own specialists. As a result, every sub system has an objective which it works towards achieving it. This has ensured efficiency in productivity with quality production of products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management: Historical Development and Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the subsections operate together with the whole of the organization, it becomes easier to get feedback from all the sections concerning the activities involved (Lewis, 2003, p. 64). This has enabled the organizations to control and make necessary adjustments on the system performance. The system of classifying productions has made it possible for manufacturers to produce a given quantity of products for specific customers at a fixed cost and time which is beneficial to both the business and the customer. The idea of a job shop has been useful where there is a variety of products supplied to customers but in low volumes. Detailed planning of required materials has helped in determining the essential requirements of each product and consequently, priorities of orders by customers (Evans, 2005, p. 55). One of the major impacts of operations management is mass production where the manufacturing system operates in large volumes in terms of inputs as well as outp uts. This has mainly been made possible by the advancements of machinery where the machinery is arranged in a layout which allows automatic process of production. This has also enabled standardization of products to ensure quality maintenance. Mass production has been applied in many factories today especially those that involve large volume of productions within shorter periods of time. However, for mass production to be cost effective, flow of raw materials should be continuous to ease the process of controlling and planning the production operations (Paterson, 2000, p. 25). Mass production has also been beneficial in capacity utilization as machines are always outlined in a balanced manner. This has enabled businesses to utilize only a limited space but produce large volumes of products leading to increased profits. Only a few skilled operators are required to operate the machines and this has impacted businesses by reducing expenditures on salaries and wages. The cost of manufac turing a unit of products has reduced compared to production of small volumes of products. Basically, the major impacts of the development of operations management have been felt through mass production in many manufacturing businesses which is a very cost effective way of production (Mark, 2004, 340). Another significant impact of the development of operations management in manufacturing businesses is continuous production which is facilitated by the sequential arrangement of machines and other production equipments.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has made the production process faster that it was before and this has helped many manufacturing businesses meet their customers’ requirements and orders in time. However, the production process is not flexible something which has made manufacturing businesses unable to accommodate changes in product manufacture especially on quantity. These operations developments have as well enabled businesses to provide quality products to their customers through the standardization of products. Manufacturing businesses have been enabled to satisfy the needs of their customers by producing quality products depending on the cost of production of a particular product. This way, customers get satisfied and the business obtains comfortable profits (Finch, 2006, p. 103). Through operations management, businesses have made use of right quantity production to prevent capital build up as well as shortage of products which would otherwise lead to lose of customers. In addition, planned produc tion of goods has enabled many manufacturing businesses to deliver the products in time to their customer since all the involved processes are in place at all times. Through production planning, manufacturing businesses have been in a better position to pre-determine the production cost prior to the actual manufacturing process. This has helped the businesses’ managements to make suitable decisions after comparing the cost of production to the expected inflow. Planning activities have also helped business to set goals and objectives with which to work on towards quality production. The operations development has promoted organization activities in businesses which have in return played a key role in achieving the set goals and objectives by specifying the role of every individual as well as determining authority and the responsibilities involved (Chase, 1999, p. 113). With the increasing competition in businesses especially in manufacturing firms, operations management has im pacted the global business environment. Manufacturing products (both goods and services) are now being delivered to distant locations because of the competitiveness of the products which have resulted from the advancements of the operations management. As a result, international manufacturing has been practiced by many businesses due to the globalization of the operations with many local manufacturing businesses producing goods specifically for the international markets rather than selling them locally (Chopra, 2006, p. 75). The chains of supplies have as well been affected with many businesses obtaining their economic inputs form all over the globe. Due to the ramifications involved in the manufacturing industry nowadays, specialized chains of supply for inputs have been developed to meet the ever rising demand for such services. Many businesses have now embraced the basic dimension of satisfying customers’ needs considering the competitive markets (Lowson, 2002, p. 619). Th is has resulted to understanding the values of customers and therefore putting into considerations the specific needs and preferences of customers. This understanding has promoting the manufacture of products or provision of service that makes the most of the customers’ needs. Another very key concern that businesses are now working on is the minimization of costs and utilization of resources with the objective of making maximum profits. Many businesses have also changed from the traditional ways of mass production to the approaches of producing goods on-demand (Jacob, 2001, p. 501). Conclusion The development of operations management has, no doubt, brought about significant advancements in the manufacturing industry. With the development of new production technologies and machinery, businesses have been able to affect their production activities. The definition of the role of management in production has as well promoted organization, planning and effective control of all pr oduction activities especially with the introduction of specialization and division of labor. The assignment of tasks to specific employees who have specialized in that particular field of production has been widely adopted to enhance quality product provision which would lead to customer satisfaction and consequently meet the competitive marketing requirements. Customer satisfaction should always be the key objective of any business while putting into considerations the profitability concerns. For this objective to be achieved, the management should be very careful in effective planning and organization of the production activities. Continuous availability of inputs is very essential in ensuring that all customers’ needs and orders are met within the specified time frame. The costs of products should as well be favorable to customers, failure to which a business is likely to lose its customers to other firms who are offering lower prices. However, the cost of production shou ld be considered when designing price limits to prevent loses by the business. It is therefore the role of the management to ensure smooth running of a business. Besides effective management, dedicated employees play a significant role by working towards the common goal of making the business a success. Proper implementation of the operations management is a close guarantee of any businesses’ success in today’s competitive world. Reference List Chase, R. (1999). Fundamentals of Operations Management. Boston. Irwin McGraw- Hill. Chopra, S. (2006). Managing Business Process Flows: Principles of Operations  Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Evans, J. (2005). Principles of Operation Management. New York. Barnes Noble. Finch, B. (2006). Operations Now. Boston. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Hendry, L. (2011). Innovative Development in Operations Management. Web. Inman, A. (2011). OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT. Web. Jacob, B. (2001). Operations Management for a Competitive A dvantage. Ninth Edition, McGraw-Irwin. Johnston, R. (1998). Service operations management: return to roots. Web. Kumar, S. and Suresh, N. (2009). Production and operations management. New age International publishers. Second Edition. Lewis, M. (2003). Operations Management. California. Wadsworth Publishing. Lowson, R. (2002). Strategic Operations Management: The New Competitive Advantage. New York. Routledge. Mark, R. (2004). A Framework for Operation Management: The Value Chain. International Journal of Operations and Production Management. Vol. 3, pp. 337-345. Meredith, J. (2006). The Evolution of the Intellectual Structure of Operations  Management. Journal of Operations Management. Vol. 27, pp. 185-202. Paterson, A. (2000). Manufacturing Operations and Strategic Flexibility: Survey and  Cases. International Journal of Operations and Production Management. Vol. 1, pp. 7-30. Wilson, J. (1995). An Historical Perspective on Operations Management. Production and Inventory Managem ent Journal. This essay on Operations Management: Historical Development and Impacts was written and submitted by user Vihaan Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings And Mythology

The Lord of the Rings has been regarded as one of the greatest stories of modern times. It is a story filled with original ideas and creates an entire world unto itself with a history of it’s own along with it’s many races. This creation of a new world and the storytelling involved in it holds many parallels and similarities to ancient and classical myths that people have been telling for thousands of years. The Lord of the Rings has been classified as a modern extension of the family of myths by many critics and has a following to support this claim. The classification of The Lord of the Rings as a modern myth can be seen in several different ways. There are many characters in The Lord of the Rings, which have parallels with characters in classical mythology such as Tom Bombadil, Gandalf, Gollum and Frodo. Other examples of mythological concepts held in the novel are seen simply in the storyline, the quest in particular and the battle between good and evil. The status of myth for The Lord of the Rings can also be seen in the deep history that Tolkien gave to Middle Earth and it’s people. There are extensive histories given through thousands of years of Middle Earth and is thoroughly recorded in Tolkien’s works such as The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, The History of Middle Earth and The Book of Lost Tales. This element of storytelling is seen throughout almost all stories regarded as mythology, the story is given a deep background involving deities and the beginning of the Earth into the creation of man and in some of them has a deity interacting with the characters in the myth. This is true in Tolkien’s later work in The Silmarillion which is mostly a story somewhat similar to The Lord of the Rings except that The Silmarillion takes place much earlier in Middle Earth’s history and several allusions to it are made in The Lord of the Rings that could not be understood without doing proper historical research into Tolkien’s... Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings And Mythology Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings And Mythology The Lord of the Rings has been regarded as one of the greatest stories of modern times. It is a story filled with original ideas and creates an entire world unto itself with a history of it’s own along with it’s many races. This creation of a new world and the storytelling involved in it holds many parallels and similarities to ancient and classical myths that people have been telling for thousands of years. The Lord of the Rings has been classified as a modern extension of the family of myths by many critics and has a following to support this claim. The classification of The Lord of the Rings as a modern myth can be seen in several different ways. There are many characters in The Lord of the Rings, which have parallels with characters in classical mythology such as Tom Bombadil, Gandalf, Gollum and Frodo. Other examples of mythological concepts held in the novel are seen simply in the storyline, the quest in particular and the battle between good and evil. The status of myth for The Lord of the Rings can also be seen in the deep history that Tolkien gave to Middle Earth and it’s people. There are extensive histories given through thousands of years of Middle Earth and is thoroughly recorded in Tolkien’s works such as The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, The History of Middle Earth and The Book of Lost Tales. This element of storytelling is seen throughout almost all stories regarded as mythology, the story is given a deep background involving deities and the beginning of the Earth into the creation of man and in some of them has a deity interacting with the characters in the myth. This is true in Tolkien’s later work in The Silmarillion which is mostly a story somewhat similar to The Lord of the Rings except that The Silmarillion takes place much earlier in Middle Earth’s history and several allusions to it are made in The Lord of the Rings that could not be understood without doing proper historical research into Tolkien’s...

Definitions and Examples of Word Formation

Definitions and Examples of Word Formation In linguistics (particularly morphology  and lexicology), word formation refers to the ways in which new words are made on the basis of other words or morphemes. Also called derivational morphology. Word-formation can denote either a state or a process, and it can be viewed either diachronically (through different periods in history)  or synchronically  (at one particular period in time). See examples and observations below. In  The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language,  David Crystal writes about word formations:   Most English vocabulary arises by making new lexemes out of old ones - either by adding an affix to previously existing forms, altering their word class, or combining them to produce compounds. These processes of construction are of interest to grammarians as well as lexicologists. ...  but the importance of word-formation to the development of the lexicon is second to none. ... After all, almost any lexeme, whether Anglo-Saxon or foreign, can be given an affix, change its word class, or help make a compound. Alongside the Anglo-Saxon ​root in ​kingly, for example, we have the French root in royally and the Latin root in regally. There is no elitism here. The processes of affixation, conversion, and compounding are all great levelers.(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003) Processes of Word-Formation Apart from the processes that attach something to a base (affixation) and processes that do not alter the base (conversion), there are processes involving the deletion of material. ... English Christian names, for example, can be shortened by deleting parts of the base word (see 11) This type of word formation is called truncation, with the term clipping also being used. (11a) Ron (-Aaron)(11a) Liz (-Elizabeth)(11a) Mike (-Michael)(11a) Trish (-Patricia)(11b) condo (-condominium)(11b) demo (-demonstration)(11b) disco (-discotheque)(11b) lab (-laboratory) Sometimes truncation and affixation can occur together, as with formations expressing intimacy or smallness, so-called diminutives: (12) Mandy (-Amanda)(12) Andy (-Andrew)(12) Charlie (-Charles)(12) Patty (-Patricia)(12) Robbie (-Roberta) We also find so-called blends, which are amalgamations of parts of different words, such as smog (-smoke/fog) or modem (modulator/demodulator). Blends based on orthography are called acronyms, which are coined by combining the initial letters of compounds or phrases into a pronounceable new word (NATO, UNESCO, etc.). Simple abbreviations like UK or USA are also quite common.(Ingo Plag, Word-Formation in English. Cambridge University Press, 2003) Academic Studies of Word-Formation - Following years of complete or partial neglect of issues concerning word formation (by which we mean primarily derivation, compounding, and conversion), the year 1960 marked a revival- some might even say a resurrection- of this important field of linguistic study. While written in completely different theoretical frameworks (structuralist vs. transformationalist), both Marchands Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word-Formation in Europe and Lees Grammar of English Nominalizations instigated systematic research in the field. As a result, a large number of seminal works emerged over the next decades, making  the scope of word-formation research broader and deeper, thus contributing to better understanding of this exciting area of human language.(Pavol Ã…Â  tekauer and Rochelle Lieber, preface to Handbook of Word-Formation. Springer, 2005)- [R]ecent voices stressing the importance of investigating word formation in the light of cognitive processes can be interpreted f rom two general perspectives. First of all, they indicate that a structural approach to the architecture of words and a cognitive view are not incompatible. On the contrary, both perspectives try to work out regularities in language. What sets them apart is the basic vision of how language is encapsulated in the mind and the ensuing choice of terminology in the description of the processes. . . . [C]ognitive linguistics concedes closely to the self-organizing nature of humans and their language, whereas generative-structuralist perspectives represent external boundaries as given in the institutionalized order of human interaction.(Alexander Onysko and Sascha Michel, Introduction: Unravelling the Cognitive in Word Formation. Cognitive Perspectives on Word Formation. Walter de Gruyter, 2010) Birth and Death Rates of Words Statistical Laws Governing Fluctuations in Word Use from Word Birth to Word Death.   Just as a new species can be born into an environment, a word can emerge in a language. Evolutionary selection laws can apply pressure on the sustainability of new words since there are limited resources (topics, books, etc.) for the use of words. Along the same lines, old words can be driven to extinction when cultural and technological factors limit the use of a word, in analogy to the environmental factors that can change the survival capacity of a living species by altering its ability to survive and reproduce. Source Petersen, Alexander M. Statistical Laws Governing Fluctuations in Word Use from Word Birth to Word Death. Scientific Reports volume 2, Joel Tenenbaum, Shlomo Havlin, et al., Scientific Reports, Nature, March 15, 2012.

Native and European Women in the early colonial era Essay

Native and European Women in the early colonial era - Essay Example Women worked in groups especially in the farms, farms tending to the crops such as corn. Group work seemed to make work lighter for the women and many groups came from extended families. Women work was appreciated greatly as they did most of the household chores and mad sure that the family as well fed. Men were not offering much assistance and leisured around hunting animals, fishing, and building homes Women used to tend farmlands although it was a hard task during the pre-colonial times especially farming tobacco. Some of the families with enough resources could hire slaves to help in the farms. The slave women performed most of the household chores and in the farms. Women in England had a lot of authority over their women and at some time there were laws by the law-makers defined the roles for women. They came up with two distinct roles of women, the good wife free and white performed domestic chores around the house (Ulrich, 1991). The other one was the agricultural laborer mostly the blacks and slaves. White women later acquired a clear place to inherit land and another policy allowed widows and daughters to occupy the land. The native women most of them slaves serving as cooks, hairdressers, housekeepers, washerwomen, and tailors. The slaves worked in the farms as labourers and never got time for themselves. These women were to serve their masters and carry out all the housew ork without pay. Men were more than women, which created some imbalance; women became more valuable and appreciated in marriage. Women got more rights such as the right to keep any property that she brought in marriage as asserted by Ulrich (1991). A woman was supposed to be a loving wife, a mother, and a true housekeeper. Later women started owning lands and venturing in other areas such as businesses, managers of inns, and taverns. Men appreciated their women and allowed their

On The Bold and The Beautiful is Katie suffering from Postpartum Movie Review

On The Bold and The Beautiful is Katie suffering from Postpartum depression - Movie Review Example Moreover, Bill cheats on Katie with Steffy and is tempted to leave her. When Katie finds out, she gets a heart attack that leads Bill into leaving Steffy after realizing how much Katie meant to her. Subsequently, she strives to reunite Bill top her stepson Liam but eventually bears fruit. Liam joins the Spencer family officially but encounters constant interference from his father in his love issues. However, Katie suffers from postpartum depression and is unable to connect with her baby William Logan Spencer. Partly to blame was the fact that Bill had refused to accept Katie’s pregnancy in the first place. Further, Bill suggests to Katie that she gets an abortion, but Katie declines. Bill justifies the abortion as an attempt to save Katie’s life, as he fears that she might not carry the baby to full term. For him, her well-being is his priority. Bill’s constant disappointments to her and her stepson also contribute to her not connecting with her baby. Her fear is that Bill might abandon her and her baby the way he abandoned his other son Liam. Therefore, this fact agitates her even more making her have minimal concern for her newborn baby. On the contrary, her concerns are baseless as none of these thoughts ever crossed her husband’s

Kale in Kenya- Ag Issue 2012 Essay Example for Free

Kale in Kenya- Ag Issue 2012 Essay Jonathan King Ag 101 September 16, 2012 Current Issues in Horticulture- Kale in Kenya I am going to go into the Horticultural field and one of the issues facing horticulture today is solving world hunger. Kenya is a nation that mostly lives in poverty, The United States and other countries are trying to help the Kenyan poverty problem by researching different food that can grow there along with trying to improve the food that they already have. A big crop in Kenya is kale because it costs so little to produce and the name sakuma wiki the Kenyan name for kale loosely translated means that it can sustain people throughout the week due to its extreme affordability, particularly for those who earn a dollar and below a day. The kale in Kenya is poor quality and it yields easily to diseases like black rot and leaf spot. Through a collaborative research project investigating the poor quality of kale seeds in parts of Kenya a team found that the best kale plants in Kenya originate from Kinale, a forested region north of Nairobi on the edge of the rift valley. The plants were then took to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and propagated to obtain clean, disease-free seed. Five lines of kale were developed and two of them did very well once the seed was tested in different parts. The propagated seed flowered later thus making the crop produce longer and had a better color with a sweeter flavored leaf. By using Horticulture the problem of hunger in Kenya is being addressed by diversifying kale to improve food and nutrition and to improve the economy by making a better plant that people would want to buy and eat.

Dorothy L. Sayers’ Gaudy Night Essay -- Gaudy Night

Dorothy L. Sayers’ Gaudy Night When Gayle Wald wrote, â€Å"Sayers’s career writing detective stories effectively ends with Gaudy Night† (108), she did not present a new argument, but continued the tradition that Gaudy Night does not center on the detective story.   Barbara Harrison even labeled Dorothy Sayers’s Lord Peter/Harriet Vane books, Strong Poison, Gaudy Night, and Busman’s Honeymoon, as â€Å"deliriously happy-ending romances† (66).   The label stretches the definition of a romance, but Gaudy Night indeed has very little to do with crime.   Sayers encrypted the real story within her detective novel.   This story behind the story narrates love and human relationships.   In fact, the crimes in Gaudy Night only supply a convenient way for Sayers to place Lord Peter and Harriet Vane on equal footing to bring closure to their relationship.   So the story does not focus on the solving of a crime, at least from Sayers’s point of view.   Lord Peter, how ever, sees it differently.   As a character in the book, rather than the omniscient writer, Lord Peter, in fact, obsesses about solving the crime.   Sayers underlines this conflict between the writer and the detective by making us see Lord Peter entirely through the eyes of another character, Harriet Vane.   In Gaudy Night,   Sayers also provides the reader with a weak plot, at least compared to the rest of her opus, and a lack of details concerning the mystery, especially the content of the letters.   The story itself contradicts one of Sayers’s long held beliefs, that mystery and love stories do not, and should never, mix.   These facts, coupled with the grandiose detail given to us about Peter and Harriet’s personal interaction, show that Sayers had her mind more on love than on crime.   ... ...dy Night.   London:   V. Gollancz, 1951. Sayers, Dorothy L.   â€Å"Gaudy Night.†Ã‚   The Art of the Mystery Story:   A Collection of Critical   Ã‚  Ã‚   Essays.   Ed. Howard Haycraft.   New York:   Simon and Schuster, 1946.   208-221. Sayers, Dorothy L.   â€Å"The Omnibus of Crime.†Ã‚   Detective Fiction:   A Collection of Critical   Ã‚  Ã‚   Essays.   Ed. Robin W. Winks.   Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:   Prentice Hall, 1980.   53-83. Vane Dine, S. S.   â€Å"Twenty Rules for Writing Detective Stories.†Ã‚   The Art of the Mystery Story:   Ã‚  Ã‚   A Collection of Critical Essays.   Ed. Howard Haycraft.   New York:   Simon and Schuster, 1946. 189-193 Wald, Gayle F.   â€Å"Strong Poison: Love and the Novelistic in Dorothy Sayers.†Ã‚   The Cunning   Ã‚  Ã‚   Craft:   Original Essays on Detective Fiction and Contemporary Literary Fiction.   Ed. Ronald G. Walker and June M.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Frazer.   Western Illinois University, 1990.   98-108.

Comparing the Presantation of Conflict in the Charge

Compare the presentation of conflict in ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred Tennyson and ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ by Wilfred Owen. Alfred Lord Tennyson and Wilfred Owen are both poets who write about the conflict of war and its victims. ‘The Charge of the light brigade’ written by Lord Alfred Tennyson, it is based on a disastrous and real event that unfolded in the frimean war. The poem was written as a memorial for the numerous soldiers that died in the war. However the ‘Anthem for doomed youth’ is a sonnet written by Wilfred Owen.He writes about his feelings for the young men that he fought with on the front line in the Somme. Firstly, in both poems we are presented with imagery revealing the reality of the wartime battlefield this is called aural imagery. In ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ the words â€Å"into the valley of death† are used, this is a metaphor suggesting that the Light Brigade charge d themselves to their death, this shows the fierceness of battle and how people many people will died.The words â€Å"charge for the guns† proposes of the certain death that the soldiers will meet and how suicidal this charge is, it also suggests the madness of the war. Tennyson says â€Å"cannon to right of them, cannon to the left of them, cannon in front of them† this shows the confusion through the soldiers and the fierce fighting that is happening in this war. Whereas, in Owens poem ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ the more graphic and hurried side of war is shown.Owen uses the words â€Å"for these who die as cattle† suggests the soldiers are abandoned in their own death and there is no way out, it could also suggest that they are sent to be slaughtered just like ‘cattle’ this proposes the tragedy and casualties of war. The words â€Å"monstrous anger of the guns† implies that the soldiers are scared of the guns and by likening th e guns to monsters; this is showing the soldiers are young as it is typically children who are scared of monsters.Owen also uses the words â€Å"hasty orisons† this shows how the dead are not cared for and given an inappropriate burial, and it also shows the speed and rushed tone of war. It could also suggest the people who are praying are not only praying for the dead but also praying for their own lives. Tennyson presents the realism of war as a desperate place where heroes are born, he does not show the reality of war, which might be due to the fact he has not experienced it himself. In contrast Owen presents the reality of war well as he shows the gruesomeness and bitter sadness of war using aural imagery.In Stanza two of ‘charge of the light brigade’ Tennyson writes ‘O the wild charge they made! ’ this shows the recklessness of the charge as Tennyson states the word ‘wild’ and also the pointlessness of the charge, Tennyson uses the word ‘made’ this shows it was in the past and we remember the past like we remember the dead soldiers. Owen uses the phrase ‘No mockeries now for them, no prayers nor bells’ this illustrates how critical Owen is of religious ritual. The phrase ‘passing bells’ could also suggest that the soldiers never got a proper burial.In Tennyson’s poem he exclaims ‘honour the charge they made, Honour the light brigade’ this indicates that Tennyson is ordering us to remember them for what they did for their country as they are already dead but on the other hand, in Owens sonnet he says ‘And each slow dusk a drawing down of the blinds’ this points out that every night as the sun goes down the soldiers family waiting patiently for them to come back, ‘slow dusk going down’ could represent their patience and hope lowering. Thirdly, in both poems there is use of aural imagery or onomatopoeia.We see this in Owenâ€℠¢s sonnet as he writes ‘rifles rapid rattles’ this is also a metaphor; he says this to create an atmosphere and give us a feel of what it’s like on the battlefield, later in the sonnet he also states ‘the shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells’ this makes the atmosphere horrifying as we assume that screams are caused by pain or fear but in this case they have already got pain before the bullet has even got to them, this is because they have been traumatised by the intensity of battle.In Tennyson’s poem he uses the phrase ‘Volley’d and thunder’d’ this is used to show how the bullets where sent back and forth with some cannons in between representing the thunder I could also represent the one smaller army being bullets and the more powerful army being the loud prevailing army, ‘thunder’d is a use of apocalyptic imagery which is a way to describe the disaster of war as we associate thunder with danger an d authority.As well as the above Tennyson also uses the phrase ‘storm’d at with shot and shell’ this shows the confusion of war and the low visibility it relates back to the above quote as thunder comes in storms which could mean that the cannon shots come in packs, the word â€Å"shot† and â€Å"shell† are a violent, noisy, destructive force that that could be thought about in a storm. In both poems both poets use rhetorical questions in their poems, Tennyson says ‘Was there a man dismayed? this gives us an insight into the heads of these soldiers, trying to imagine how it must feel to charge into death head on. Tennyson asks if any of the soldiers were ‘dismayed’ which means to lose your courage or to be overcome by terror. The soldiers were going through hell on the battlefield and it would be a pretty normal reaction for the circumstances that they were in. On the other hand in Owens sonnet his asks about remembrance as he sta tes ‘What candles may be held to speed them all? this could mean a more general question like ‘what rituals can people possible perform to help these soldiers pass on peacefully? ’ these could be Rituals like lighting candles in church. This means we could than say that ‘these candles’ is a metaphor for the larger ceremonies we hold when to honouring those killed in action. As well as Owens question about remembrance and honouring Tennyson last question is also, as he proposes the question ‘When can their glory fade? he is trying to say ‘when wont they be known as legends’ as they have fought for their country when they were outnumbered one to a hundred but they did not oblige, they risked certain death for all for one cause. In conclusion, both poets have written their poems to convey the tragedy of war and to emphasise the importance of remembrance. I feel also wrote their poems to honour those who risked their lives and most had their lives taken for their country and queen. This makes the audience reflect on war as the poets have created a mental picture of the horrific scenes of war.

Indiana Jones: Raiders of the Lost Ark Hero’s Journey Analysis Essay

Ordinary World In the first opening scene we see is Indiana Jone’s whip in his pocket. Then we see the hat from behind and that is when the die-hard Indiana Jones fans realize that they are witnessing the entrance of a great hero. The ordinary world for Indiana Jones is really not that boring at all. He is constantly hit on by many undergraduates that he teaches in his Archaeology class. A prime example being an extremely attractive undergraduate girl closes her eye lids to display the message â€Å"LOVE YOU.† The Call The call to action in this movie was when the two federal agents came to enlist the help of Indiana Jones to acquire the Ark of the Covenant. Indiana Jones informs them of the history behind the Ark and is informed that the Nazis have found Tanis the last known location of the Ark. Jones informs the federal agents that he is no expert on the subject of Ark myth, but they should be asking Abner Ravenwood. Ravenwood collected many relics of Tanis including the head piece to the Staff of Ra. The head piece is the key to finding the Well of Souls where the Ark is kept. The Refusal Indiana Jones is gung ho about embarking on his quest to find the Ark of the Covenant. Marcus Brody, the head curator of the National Museum tells Jones that is might not be a good idea to go seeking the Ark. Brody expresses his convern when he says, â€Å"Well, I mean that for nearly three thousand years man has been searching for the lost ark. It’s not something to be taken lightly. No one knows its secrets. It’s like nothing you’ve ever gone after before.† Jones tells Brody not to worry, for he does not believe in the supernatural.† Meeting the Mentor This movie has a slight twist in terms of meeting the mentor. The mentor, Abner Ravenwood is mentioned but we never get to meet him, for Jones and he had a falling out many years prior. Jones later meets up with Sollah who guides him through Egypt. Crossing the Threshold In this movie, however, Jones goes to Nepal to go see Marion, Abner Ravenwoods’ daughter, to obtain the head piece to the Staff of Ra. Accomplishing this task is not easy for Jones because a romantic encounter he had with Marion years earlier. Test Allies & Enemies Indiana Jones is greeted quite rudely when he enters through Marion’s door she says, â€Å"Always knew someday you’d come back through my door!† and then proceeds to punch him, â€Å"In the last ten years, I learned to hate you. I was a child. You knew what you were doing.† Jones finds out that his mentor is dead. He gives her money to buy the head piece, and she tells him to come back tomorrow to retrieve it. After Jones leaves the bar, agents from the German Gustapo looking for the head piece. They subdue her and threaten to burn her with a hot poker in order to torture her for information about the whereabouts the head piece. Right as they are about to start the torment Jones comes in and saves her by whipping out the hot poker out of the tormentor’s hands. The hot poker lights the curtains ablaze resulting in the head piece heating up. The head Gustapo officer grabs the medallion and burns his hands in the process. Marion then pays back the favor to Jones by shooting an assailant saving Jones’ life. She looks and turns to Jones and says, â€Å"I’m your god damned partner!† At this point a partnership has been formed and we have Jones’ first major ally in the quest to find the Ark. The Approach * They arrive in Cairo in Egypt, where they meet up with Sollah, and an old colleague of Jone’s. * Rene Belloch is running the archaeological dig in Tannis * The Germans have found the map room that Jones had mentioned before, but cannot find the location to the Well of Souls without the head piece. * Sollah acts as their guide and warns them of the dangers * â€Å"The Ark. If it is there, at Tanis, then it is something that man was not meant to disturb. * Death has always surrounded it. It is not of this earth.† – Sollah * Jones and Marian start to rekindle their relationship * They are attacked by the Nazis and Jones throws Marion in a basket to keep her safe from harm * While hiding in the basket the monkey hops on the top cover of the basket, giving her position away * Indiana Jones seeks out Marion but is unable to find her * He shoots the explosives truck and the truck explodes which leads Jones to believe that Marian is dead * He meets up with Sollah after and they come to the conclusion that they only have one side of the head piece * The Nazis are digging in the wrong place * Sollah and Jones realize they do not have much time, for they must get to the map room around 9:00am when the sun hits the map room * The sun shines through and points them to the location where they must dig * Jones goes to Balloch’s tent and finds Marion * Jones promises to come back for her after he retrieves the Ark * They find the entrance to the Well of Souls when they are ambushed by Belloch and his Nazi cohorts Supreme Ordeal Jones is locked inside with Marion in the Well of Souls. The floor is covered with snakes which makes this even more excruciating for Jones. Snakes are Jones’ worst fear and he despises them with a passion. At this point it seems as if all hope is lost, but Jones and Marion manage to escape the Well of Souls and try to flee the archeological dig site at Tannis. The Reward After a fistfight with a giant Nazi mechanic, blowing up an airplane on the airstrip, and chasing down a fleet of trucks, Jones takes back the Ark before it can be shipped to Berlin. He obtains what he was looking for all along plus he has Marion by his side, which is what he really wanted all along. The Road Back Indiana and Marion leave Cairo to escort the Ark to England on board a steam boat. The next day, their boat is breached by Belloch, and the Nazis, who once again steal the Ark and kidnap Marion. Indiana stows away on their U-boat and follows them to an isolated island where Belloch plans to test the power of the Ark before presenting it to Hitler. Indiana reveals himself and threatens to destroy the Ark with a rocket-propelled grenade launcher, but Belloch calls his bluff, knowing Jones cannot bear to eradicate an important historical artifact. The Resurrection Indiana surrenders and is tied to a post with Marion as Belloch performs a ceremonial opening of the Ark, which appears to contain nothing but sand. Belloch’s Nazi cohorts start laughing thinking they had just wasted their time. Suddenly, angels start to emerge from the Ark. Aware of the supernatural danger of looking at the opened Ark, Indiana warns Marion to close her eyes. The apparitions suddenly morph into gruesome creatures of death, and lightning bolts and burst of fire and flame begin flying out of the Ark, killing the Nazi soldiers, while Belloch and the rest of the commanding officers meet their fates as well. Return with Elixir Indiana and Brody ask about the whereabouts of the ark and are informed by the federal agents that the Ark â€Å"is someplace safe† to be studied by â€Å"top men†. The Ark is sealed in a wooden crate and stored in a giant government warehouse in Area 51 filled with countless similar crates.

Free Essays on The Construction Of Poes Works

The Construction of Poe’s Works All writers have their own style of writing. This is no different with Edgar Allen Poe and his pessimistic style. Aristotle said that unities in every story were time (usually twenty four hours), place (one or two), and characters (one or two). However, Poe added effect to his stories and poetry. He did all of this by writing his poetry or short story so that it caught the reader’s attention quickly. Because, â€Å"if any literary work is too long to be read at one sitting, we must be content to dispense with the immensely important effect derivable from unity of impression- for, if two sittings be required, the affairs of the world interfere, and every thing like totality is at once destroyed.† For this very reason, he used â€Å"en medias res,† which is starting the story right where the action begins, in the middle. This keeps the reader’s attention because there is no leading up to the climax, we are thrown into it as soon as we start reading. Edgar Allen Poe’s murder stories have a few distinct characteristics. First, the narrator is usually a psychopathological murderer. Second, the opening dialogue is usually the narrator telling the readers of his act. Third, they have a secretive burial of the body. And fourth, because Poe is interested in the psychology of the criminal, the murderer feels psychological uneasiness. We see all of these characteristics in Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Tell Tale Heart. Poe obviously wanted the murder to be the climax of the story because he told us in the second paragraph that he had made up his mind, â€Å"to take the life of the old man, and this rid [himself] of the eye forever† (2420). As with all of Poe’s short stories the opening dialogue is usually the murderer talking about his murderous act. Poe takes us to the murder scene by telling us the events of carrying out his plot. So obviously the murder has already taken pla... Free Essays on The Construction Of Poe's Works Free Essays on The Construction Of Poe's Works The Construction of Poe’s Works All writers have their own style of writing. This is no different with Edgar Allen Poe and his pessimistic style. Aristotle said that unities in every story were time (usually twenty four hours), place (one or two), and characters (one or two). However, Poe added effect to his stories and poetry. He did all of this by writing his poetry or short story so that it caught the reader’s attention quickly. Because, â€Å"if any literary work is too long to be read at one sitting, we must be content to dispense with the immensely important effect derivable from unity of impression- for, if two sittings be required, the affairs of the world interfere, and every thing like totality is at once destroyed.† For this very reason, he used â€Å"en medias res,† which is starting the story right where the action begins, in the middle. This keeps the reader’s attention because there is no leading up to the climax, we are thrown into it as soon as we start reading. Edgar Allen Poe’s murder stories have a few distinct characteristics. First, the narrator is usually a psychopathological murderer. Second, the opening dialogue is usually the narrator telling the readers of his act. Third, they have a secretive burial of the body. And fourth, because Poe is interested in the psychology of the criminal, the murderer feels psychological uneasiness. We see all of these characteristics in Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Tell Tale Heart. Poe obviously wanted the murder to be the climax of the story because he told us in the second paragraph that he had made up his mind, â€Å"to take the life of the old man, and this rid [himself] of the eye forever† (2420). As with all of Poe’s short stories the opening dialogue is usually the murderer talking about his murderous act. Poe takes us to the murder scene by telling us the events of carrying out his plot. So obviously the murder has already taken pla...

Free Essays on Psychoanalytic Therapy

Psychoanalytic Therapy Sigmund Freud’s view of human nature is deterministic. The underlying assumptions are that our behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives. All of these evolve through psychosexual stages in the first six years of life. The primary characteristic distinguished by this approach is in making the unconscious conscious. A major area of focus and emphasis for Freud was that the personality consists of three systems; the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is ruled by the pleasure principle, which is based on a drive to satisfy instinctual needs and is mostly unconscious. The ego does realistic and logical thinking and formulates plans of action for satisfying needs. The superego works with both the id and the ego by inhibiting the Id impulses and persuading the ego to substitute moralistic goals for realistic ones. Anxiety is a major concept is the psychoanalytic approach. Anxiety develops out of a conflict among the id, ego, and super ego. It also warns of impeding danger. Ego defense mechanisms help to cope with anxiety. Repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, displacement, rationalization, sublimation, regression, introgection, identification, and compensation are all ways in which the ego is prevented from being overwhelmed. Erickson based his ideas on Freuds but also stressed that the psychosocial aspects of development goes beyond early childhood. Carl Jung based some of his views on Freud as well, but disagreed with him in the end. He placed importance on the psychological changes that are associated with mid-life. He stated that part of the nature of humans is to be constantly developing, growing, and moving toward a balanced and complete level of development. Another area of focus in psychoanalytic therapy is the contemporary psychoanalytic theory. A fundamental idea of this approa... Free Essays on Psychoanalytic Therapy Free Essays on Psychoanalytic Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy Sigmund Freud’s view of human nature is deterministic. The underlying assumptions are that our behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives. All of these evolve through psychosexual stages in the first six years of life. The primary characteristic distinguished by this approach is in making the unconscious conscious. A major area of focus and emphasis for Freud was that the personality consists of three systems; the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is ruled by the pleasure principle, which is based on a drive to satisfy instinctual needs and is mostly unconscious. The ego does realistic and logical thinking and formulates plans of action for satisfying needs. The superego works with both the id and the ego by inhibiting the Id impulses and persuading the ego to substitute moralistic goals for realistic ones. Anxiety is a major concept is the psychoanalytic approach. Anxiety develops out of a conflict among the id, ego, and super ego. It also warns of impeding danger. Ego defense mechanisms help to cope with anxiety. Repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, displacement, rationalization, sublimation, regression, introgection, identification, and compensation are all ways in which the ego is prevented from being overwhelmed. Erickson based his ideas on Freuds but also stressed that the psychosocial aspects of development goes beyond early childhood. Carl Jung based some of his views on Freud as well, but disagreed with him in the end. He placed importance on the psychological changes that are associated with mid-life. He stated that part of the nature of humans is to be constantly developing, growing, and moving toward a balanced and complete level of development. Another area of focus in psychoanalytic therapy is the contemporary psychoanalytic theory. A fundamental idea of this approa...

Homeless teens in Dallas Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homeless teens in Dallas Texas - Essay Example For this program to start I would need to ask the teenagers themselves what they want the next step to be. Do they want to continue living alone? Do they need help talking to their parents? I would also need to speak to the parents and explain the situation to them. This way, once reunited the teenager would not have the impulse to run away again. Moreover, I would need to look for backers who would be willing to take in the independent homeless teens as apprentices or part-time workers. This way, this group of homeless teenagers would be able to make an honest living and live independently. I believe the cost for the program is very minimal and feasible. Expenses would primarily be transportation and initial housing or rental fee for those who want to continue living alone. I could send letters to philanthropists asking for funds. Also, I could approach large business to make donations for the program. This would be good for them because it could be a tax

Human Resources Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources Managment - Assignment Example It can be noted in this case that the employer discriminated Michael Roberts on the basis of race by virtue of being an African American since other white guys with less experience were hired for the same job. The McDonnell-Douglas test is applicable to this particular case, according to the US Legal (2013), â€Å"Mcdonnell Douglas test refers to a legal principle requiring a plaintiff (employee) to prove with evidence of employment- discrimination. The test also requires a defendant (employer) to prove with evidence showing that the employment action complained was taken for non discriminatory reasons.† Being the judge in the above mentioned case, I will rule in favour of the plaintiff given that a case of racial discrimination against Michael Roberts exists since he did not get the job as a result of being an African American while other whites with less experience were hired for the same position. 2. The African Americans in this case can sue for disparate impact under Titl e vii of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. According to the Freedictionary (2013), disparate impact is a theory that prohibits the employer from using facially neutral employment practices that have an unjustified effect on protected classes. As aptly shown in the case study, African Americans were unfavourably treated when it comes to securing technical employment. Only 60 % of those who wrote the test were selected while 80 percent of the whites who wrote the same test were selected. However, the employer can use â€Å"business necessity† clause to refute the allegations levelled against him. If this practice is really necessary to the operations of the organization, then the employer would not have any case to answer. It is also important for the plaintiffs to prove that they are a protected class under this legal provision. Failure to do so may render their case invalid. 1. Sue Pappas applied for a position of an attendant for a psychiatric institution. However, she does not succeed in getting the job as a result of her obesity. Before she sues under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), she has to prove that she has a disability. â€Å"The ADA defines disabil ­ity as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activ ­ity; a record of such an impairment; or being regarded as having such an impair ­ment,† (Reiter, 1). Under ADA, obesity is excluded hence Sue cannot win this particular case. However, ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) has broadened the definition of disability to encompass a lot of other biological functions of the body. Since she cannot perform all of the major life activities because of her obesity, she can sue the employer under the ADAA since it can be seen that she has been unfairly discriminated. Her past experience shows that she can perform this job well so there is no reason for this employer to deny her the opportunity to get this job. Assignment 2 Job Title: Marketing comm unications officer Position Purpose: The purpose of this position is to maintain a clear communication strategy for the marketing department as well as the organization as a whole. The candidate will communicate vital information to

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Project Management - Essay Example By doing so, it ensures that the business will continuously work towards achieving a stable production process, which gives some predictable results (Adams, Gupta & Wilson, 2003). Furthermore, the integration of the strategy requires that there is an active participation and commitment of all the members of the organization towards achieving perfection. It helps to seek the commitment of the organization’s top management towards achieving quality products. Integrating the Six Sigma strategy also serves to ensure that a business organization’s leadership makes decisions based on verifiable information, other than assumptions (Keller, 2001). In the Six Sigma process, project management skills are important. The necessity for such skills is to ensure that those individuals involved in the project are in a position to set the vision and the target of the Six Sigma strategy. Project management skills also ensures that those individuals take a leadership role and assists the other stakeholders in consistently applying this strategy in their functional departments, so that the whole organization can move together towards achieving the set targets (Tennant, 2001). Project plans under the Six Sigma strategy provide details about how the project will be accomplished. Such details includes: Process time reduction, controlling spending, forecasting with accuracy, risks avoidance, eliminating errors in design and lowering employee absenteeism. The importance of such planning details is to ensure there is consistency in the whole process to achieve the best products and eliminate all chances that may bring failures or defects (Keller, 2001). In my project, I will study which subjects are performed better at the University, between the science and the humanity categories. Through my research, I want to find out the answers to the following questions; What is the nature

Daisy Miller a Hero Essay Example for Free

Daisy Miller a Hero Essay A hero is a person, whom no matter what the situation is, always seems to be able to approach situation with a fearless and courageous attitude, and can is often admired by many. The novel Daisy Miller by Henry James is a fictional story about the life of an American girl in Europe and the situations that she experiences. Daisy reacts to these situations with a fearless and courageous approach. Her actions seem to affect every character in the story and are misperceived by many. Daisy consistently had the courage to stand up to the other Americans, the characters who adapted to the European culture, even though they continued to pressure her, and prevailed by not conforming to European society. Daisy is a hero in this story because of the way she approached and handled situations. A major conflict in the story is the clash of American culture and European culture. Daisy is constantly thrown into situations where she is pressured to conform to some traditional European way of doing things. Daisy does not let this pressure get to her. She instead continues to act without fear of what might happen to her. The text shows many examples of this. A major cultural conflict that happened in the novel is when Daisy is walking around the Pinchio with Mr. Winterbourne and Mr. Giovanelli. Mrs. Walker comes up in her carriage and begs Daisy to get in because of what her reputation might become since she was walking around with two men ( ). After Daisy refuses, Mrs. Walker says â€Å"should you prefer being thought a very reckless girls? and even gets Mr Winterbourne involved by having him give his opinion which lined up with Mrs. Walker’s( ). After examining the text, the reader sees that Daisy responds with a very fearless and courageous way, which in a way can also be compared to a quote from Emerson’s Self Reliance, â€Å"to be great, is to be misunderstood. † â€Å"â€Å"If this is improper, Mrs Walker,† she persued, â€Å"then I am all improper, and you must give me up†Ã¢â‚¬  is a quote that beautifully illustrates Daisy’s heroic personally by not being intimidated from the pressures of society. Another conflict in the novel was that at certain places at certain times, the chances of getting malaria were very high. While many of the locals decided to stay away from these areas, Daisy chose to not live fear. This fearlessness that Daisy displayed, led to Mr. Winterbourne confronting her and Mr. Giovanelli at the coliseum late at night about her catching the Roman fever (). Giovanelli responded to Winterbourne by saying he informed Daisy it was a â€Å"grave indiscretion† which Daisy responded with prudence (). Even now that Daisy was severely warned about the disease she still showed no fear and showed how she could be an inspiration to other women by saying she had a lovely time seeing the coliseum by moonlight and if she felt any danger she would take some pills (). â€Å"I don’t care,† said Daisy in a little strange tone, â€Å"whether I have Roman fever or not† shows how Daisy would not let fear dictate her life( ). Daisy Miller was a hero because of the fearless qualities that she displayed in the novel Daisy Miller. She may not display the common stereotypes of other fictionalized heroes such as flying or x-ray vision, but she does have influence on people, especially women, on how they can act regardless of what culture they are from. This view on life is very important because it shows young women, that they are empowered to handle situations anyway they like. Even when she died, many people showed up to her funeral and admired her. Giovanelli even stated at her funeral that out of all the women she was the â€Å"most innocent † ( ).

Maurice Sendak Essay -- essays papers

Maurice Sendak Maurice Sendak was born June 10, 1928 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were poor immigrants from Poland who came to America before World War I. Many of his relatives died in the Holocaust, and this was an important influence upon his childhood. His parents were always upset about the relatives they had lost and the cloud of death was always in the air. He even drew the faces of some of his relatives who died in the Holocaust in Isaac Bashevis Singer’s Zlateh the Goat. Sendak is the youngest of three children. He was also a very sickly child, who always caught pneumonia or some sort of illness. He grew up under the constant fear of his own death. His mother was very concerned, and always kept a watchful eye over him. For this reason, many of Sendak's books have a picture of a moon in the scene. This is representative of his watchful protective mother, peeking over him to make sure he is safe. (Sendak also puts a fish in pictures for his father. â€Å"Sendak† not only means â€Å"fish†, but also is a remembrance that there is always something fishy in all of his work.) Sendak grew up in a family of storytellers. His father told (uncensored) stories that were considered â€Å"not for children.† They were nightmarishly scary stories of pogroms, death, love affairs, and other Jewish tales. His brother wrote stories, and his sister bound the stories into books that they sold on the sidewalks. Sendak loved hearing his father tell stories, and associates good books with being close and spending time with his father. Everyone in his family also read stories, and growing up, Sendak was jealous of his older siblings who could read words. He would even beg his sister to bring him books from the library (as opposed to children’s books), just so he could smell, touch, and taste them. His sister also gave him his first book, The Prince and the Pauper, by Mark Twain. Although he could not even read it at the time, Sendak slept with the book, and still has it today. In 1947, at the age of nineteen, Sendak co-authored and published his first book, Atomics for the Millions. He began his illustrating career by drawing comic book pictures. In 1951, Sendak began freelance illustrating and writing. Sendak published Kenny’s Window in 1956. It is a story about a child who is curious about the world outside of his front door. Very Far Away, Sendak's... ...an adult world. Sendak’s special interest is to get kids and parents to read together. This, he believes, is the best way for kids to learn to love reading, and more importantly, share magical times with their parents. "Perhaps no one has done as much to show the power of the written word on children, not to mention on their parents, as Maurice Sendak." -President Clinton, January 9,1997. Bibliography: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/Author=Sendak%2C%20Maurice/002-3012214 http://www.arts.endow.gov/artforms/Lit/Sendak.html http://www.ba.com/nr/1998/Nov/19981105003.html http://www.barclayagency.com/sendak.html http://www.bess.net/whats_new/June2/books_and_theatre.htm http://www.falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/sendak.htm http://www.hasbiniz.com/fiction/children/toddlers/sendak/in_the_night_kitchen.htm http://www.livefromlincolncenter.org/backstage/dec17/sendak.htm http://www.magic.usi.edu/class97/214Lamb12pm/s6/kcoffee3.html http://www.pangaea.org/street_children/world/sendak.htm http://www.perma-bound.com/msendakprofile.htm http://www.rteweb.com/books/children/msendak/weareall.htm http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~jfs95002/sendak.html

Planning function of management for Boeing Essay

The purpose of this paper is to explain the planning functions of management for the organization known as Boeing. Boeing is an aerospace company; they build passenger airplanes, military aircraft, satellites, and missiles. Boeing’s planning functions of management is influenced by internal and external factors. These factors such as the economy and competition directly influence the strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. â€Å"Boeing is the largest manufacturer of satellites, commercial jetliners, and military aircraft in the world. The company is also a global market leader in missile defense, human space flight, and launch services. Chicago-based Boeing has an extensive global reach with customers in 145 countries. Boeing operates under the strictest principles of corporate governance. With 152,091 employees, Boeing posted 2004 revenues of $52.45 Billion.(FCSR, 2008)The state of the economy is a huge external factor of how the Boeing organization operates both, strategically and tactically. In 2001, the economy was hit hard and along with many other company’s Boeing was suffering financially. Boeing was saved when they were offered a contract with U.S. Air force worth $49.2 billion (Advantage Business Media, 2007). Boeing also teamed up with Saudi Arabia Airlines in 1995 (Boeing, 2001). Boeing’s competition is another external factor that influences the organization both tactically and strategically. The company known as Airbus is Boeing’s biggest competition. Airbus is the leading manufacturer of commercial jets (Yahoo, 2008). Recently Boeing has been having internal issues affecting their assembly line and has cause a shortage in production which in turn has been affecting deadlines. With Boeing experiencing problems clients have been turning to Airbus to fulfill their needs. Lockheed Martin is Boeing’s biggest competition in defense systems (Yahoo, 2008).Currently; Boeing and Lockheed Martin are working together on some projects to help meet the high demand. The government is another factor that influences how the organization operates. Regulations affect the amount of output that Boeing can manufacture. When Boeing designs a new plane, before Boeing can test fly them they must first obtain a certificate issued by the U.S. Government; The  U.S. Government has designed this system of requirements to insure that each new plane is safe before the plane is flown. There are many safety requirements that must be met before the plane is approved to be flown; these requirements are enforced by U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. These requirements affect the production of Boeing’s airplanes by causing a delay before the aircraft can be cleared for use. The planning function of management is affected by several legal issues. In 2005, a lawsuit was filed against Boeing. The lawsuit, filed in federal court in Kansas, alleges that Ducommun’s Gardena plant made more than 1,900 defective parts used on at least 32 of Boeing’s airplanes, including 737s, 747s, 757s and 767s. The planes were delivered to the U.S. Air Force and Navy, as well as foreign military forces in Japan and Italy between March 1998 and November 2004. (Pae, 2005)The three employees who filed the lawsuit, were members of a Boeing audit team, contend that the parts did not conform to Federal Aviation Administration requirements. Boeing was aware of the problem but continued to sell the airplanes, falsely claiming that they were FAA approved, according to the lawsuit. The suit alleges that Ducommun kept two sets of books for manufacturing parts – â€Å"fake books† for Boeing and the FAA and â€Å"real books† for itself. (Pae, 2005) Boeing is a company that is respected for cooperate social responsibility. Boeing has joined the Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility, and is now entitled to display The Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility’s Gold Seal of Approval as a Socially Responsible Company. (FCSR, 2008) The Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility encourages corporations to be Socially Responsible, and to assist them in achieving commercial success in ways that respect ethical values, people in need, their communities and the environment. (FCSR, 2008)Boeing has a very strict code of ethics policy that is in place to protect both the corporations interest and the interest of it’s’ employees. Boeing employees are required to obey all aspects of the code of ethics set forth by the company. The code of ethics adopted complies with the standards set forth in the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance rules. The Boeing Company will administer ethics and compliance programs to promote its commitment to integrity and values as set forth in the Boeing values and Code of Conduct and to ensure compliance with laws,  rules, and regulations. These programs will inform employees of company policies and procedures regarding ethical business conduct and help them to resolve questions and to report suspected violations. Managers are responsible for supporting implementation of ethics and business conduct programs, and monitoring compliance to the company’s values and ethical business conduct guidelines through such programs. Managers are responsible for creating an open and honest environment in which employees feel comfortable in bringing issues forward. Retaliation against employees who raise genuine concerns will not be tolerated. (Boeing, 2008)All employees must sign and abide by the Boeing Code of Conduct, which requires that they understand the code, and ask questions, seek guidance, report suspected violations, and express concerns regarding compliance with this policy and the related procedures. (Boeing, 2008) To support the requirement for complete and accurate financial records and reporting, all employees of the Finance organization have an additional Code of Conduct for Finance. (Boeing, 2008)In Conclusion, There are several issues that can impact outcomes for management planning for the Boeing Company such as legal issues, ethical issues, and social responsibility, Along with factors can influence the companies planning operations both strategically, and tactically. The examples of these factors given in this paper are the economy, the government, and Boeings competitors such as Airbus. Even though Boeing has had its ups and downs from production problems to several legal issues Boeing has remained a globally known leader in their industry, respected for their cooperate social responsibility and known for their strong code of ethics. References Boeing. (2008). Ethics. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/aboutus/ethics/Boeing. (2008, February). Retrieved September 14, 2008, from Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility: http://www.fcsr.plPae, p. (May, 2005). Boeing sued by three workers. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/28/business/fi-ducommun28Vandore, E. (2008, January 17). Airbus, Boeing Swamped by Orders. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from San Francisco Chronicle: http://www.sfgate.comYahoo. (2008, March). The Boeing Company Profile. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from Yahoo: http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/10/10221.html